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A cewar bayanan Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya IEA, canjin makamashi mai tsafta a duniya zai yi tasiri sosai a gaba 20 shekaru bukatar ma'adinai.
Bisa ga bayanin dafa abinci da gidan wanka, a halin yanzu, Babban samar da makamashi na ginin masana'anta yumbura shine iskar gas, wutar lantarki, mai, gawayi, iskar gas-kore kilns, da sauran na'urorin rarraba, makamai na inji, layukan isar da sako da sauran manyan kayan aiki masu amfani da makamashi. Ƙananan masana'antun masana'antun yumbu na musamman za su yi amfani da kiln da aka kona mai. Zhejiang Longquan na yau da kullun-amfani da masana'antar sinadarai wani ɓangare na amfani da kiln lantarki. A cewar babban injiniya Long Guangcan, a cikin 1970s, Kasar Sin tana da 'yan kananan masana'antu da suka gwada harba wutar lantarki, amma ma'auni kadan ne. Wurin ƙetara wutar lantarki ƙarami ne, kuma jikin kiln siriri ne. A halin yanzu, Kamfanonin soji da wasu masana'antun da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun sun kasance abin al'ajabi na amfani da kilns na lantarki..
Dangane da tashin hankali na makamashi na duniya da tashin hankalin samar da iskar gas, a karshen watan Fabrairun bana, Farashin iskar gas masana'antu ya tashi zuwa 6.55 yuan / cube. Kamar yadda babban farashin samfuran masana'antu masu cin makamashi kamar gina yumbu mai tsafta da kuma farashin da ke tattare da hayaƙin carbon dioxide yana tasiri sosai ga ƙwarewar masana'antu.. Daga ra'ayi na decarbonization na tsarin masana'antu, Ana buƙatar madadin kuma hanyoyin haɗin kai masu dorewa, don haka rage amfani da man fetur na yanzu (iskar gas ko kwal). Saboda haka, baya ga ci gaban CO2 kama da sake amfani da matakai, sabunta makamashi kafofin (ikon photovoltaic, hydrogen) za a yi la'akari da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar da za a iya cimma decarbonization a cikin samar da samfurori na yumbura.
Shugaban rukunin gida na Arrow kuma babban manajan Xie Yurong ya yi nuni da hakan 2010 Taron shekara-shekara na kungiyar Gine-ginen Gine-ginen Sinawa da Tsaftar Tsaftar Sin, shigar da ƙananan koren kore na carbon don gine-gine da masana'antar yumbura haƙiƙa babban ƙalubale ne, amma kuma dama. Idan ba za ku iya tsallake wannan matsala ba, ana iya kawar da su; idan an wuce, harkar za ta samu ci gaba mai dorewa.
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Kamfanonin gida don canza makamashi mai tsafta da rayayye
Ayyuka da yawa na hotovoltaic da za a sanya su a ciki 2022
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Shugaban kamfanonin gida na cikin binciken “yanayi tsaka tsaki mulki”. Wadannan ayyuka suna bayyana ne ta fuskoki da dama kamar canjin makamashi, canjin dijital da canjin sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
A cikin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, Rukunin Gida na Arrow, China Kohler, Huida bandaki, ITSO, Kudin hannun jari Dongpeng Holdings, H & Rukunin G, Wajen tsaftar muhalli na sarki da wasu kamfanoni da yawa sun fara shiga hanyar canjin makamashi.
Lardin Shandong yana da mafi girman ƙarfin da aka girka na tashoshin wutar lantarki na cikin gida a lardin. Saboda kyawawan albarkatun haske a nan, farkon farawa, ƙananan shingen shigarwa ga kamfanoni, ayyukan gwamnati a wurin da sauran dalilai, yawancin kamfanoni na gida a cikin 2013 ya fara shimfiɗa shuke-shuken wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, ciki har da yumbura na Lehua na Dezhou.
A karshen watan Yuni 2013, da dama sha'anin ayyukan, ciki har da Dezhou's Lehua Ceramics 1628 kW rarraba wutar lantarki PV. Ta hanyar yarda da Kamfanin Samar da Wutar Lantarki na Jiha Dezhou bisa hukuma an haɗa shi da grid ɗin wutar lantarki na Dezhou., sun zama aikin wutar lantarki na PV na farko da aka rarraba a Dezhou don haɗawa da grid.
A karshen 2018, Rukunin Gida na Arrow “3025KWp Rarraba Aikin Rarraba Talauci na Kamfanin Nanxiong Lehua”, Kamfanin EPC na China Energy Construction Group Guangdong Thermal Transmission and Transformation Engineering Company ya ba shi kwangila, an sake haɗawa da grid cikin nasara. Kamfanin masana'anta yumbura na Nanxiong Lehua ya rarraba aikin hotovoltaic tare da jimlar saka hannun jari fiye da 20 yuan miliyan, shirin da za a raba zuwa hudu photovoltaic yankin. Dukkan wutar lantarki da masana'antar yumbura ta Lehua ke samarwa don amfani, da ragi ikon for online. Bayan kammala aikin, ana sa ran cewa jimillar samar da wutar lantarki a cikin 25 shekaru na iya kaiwa 75,041,420,000 kWh, ceto 23,200 ton na daidaitattun kwal da ragewa 6,927.5 ton na iskar carbon dioxide.
A matsayin babban rufin rufin da aka rarraba tashar wutar lantarki don kawar da talauci a arewacin Guangdong, bayan kammala aikin, zai iya inganta tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, rage matsin lamba kan kare muhalli, inganta ci gaba mai dorewa na tattalin arzikin yankin da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ceton makamashi da rage fitar da hayaki a yankin.
Shaoguan Nanxiong City Lehua Ceramic Sanitary Ware Factory
Hakanan an kammala aikin samar da hasken rana na masana'antar Shanghai ta Kohler tare da fara aiki. An ruwaito cewa a 2021, cikakken shekara na samar da wutar lantarki fiye da 150,000 awoyin kilowatt na iya biyan bukatun ofis da wani bangare na samar da wutar lantarki. A matsayin kamfani na ƙasa-da-ƙasa da ƙungiyar ƙira mai nasara, Samfurin sarrafa shukar duniya na Kohler ya cancanci koyo daga gare ta. An ce Kohler ya ɗauki tsarin ƙima don sarrafa shukar duniya. A farkon 2022, Kamfanin Foshan Kohler zai kasance a cikin allon lantarki akan taken “in 2022 don zama mafi kyawun masana'antar yumbura ta Kohler da kasuwar China”.
Kamfanin Kohler a Sanshui, Foshan
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Shanghai Kohler Electronics Co., Ltd.
H&Kamfanin G Group Foshan H&Ghus wanda Hhe's idanu Wyay Wy Wy Wy., Ltd. shima ya fara kwanciya 25,000 murabba'in mita na rufin monocrystalline 2565.12kWp grid-haɗe da tsire-tsire masu wutar lantarki a ciki 2019. Kuma Huida, ta hannun reshensa, ya gina ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na PV a masana'antu biyu tare da shigar da wutar lantarki har zuwa megawatt bakwai.
Bugu da kari, in 2022, an yarda da yawan ayyukan PV don Tsibirin Rose, Ocean Sanitary Ware, Chaozhou Jiuhao Sanitary Ware da Kaiping Jiyu Sanitary Ware. Tsibirin Rose (Taishan) Abubuwan da aka bayar na Bathroom Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd. yana da jimlar zuba jari na 29.94 yuan miliyan. Yana da sikelin da aka shigar kusan 6MWp, tare da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki. Suna amfani da tsararraki, ragi ikon kan layi rarraba rufin rufin photovoltaic samar da wutar lantarki. Wutar lantarki da aka samar galibi don amfanin Tsibirin Rose ne kuma ana sa ran zai samar da matsakaicin 5.8 miliyan kWh kowace shekara.
Mai ma'ana, kashi na uku na aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin 1250KW na Guangdong Ocean Sanitary Ware Co. Jimillar jarinsu shine 7.5 yuan miliyan, tare da jimlar shigar da ƙarfin kusan 1250KW. suna amfani da “kai tsara, ragi iko akan layi” abin koyi, kuma ana sa ran za a iya amfani da wutar lantarki ta hanyar 70% na shuka. A cikin shuka, rufin da ake da shi da kuma filin fili shine 166,200 murabba'in mita, kuma wurin shigarwa shine 12,000 murabba'in mita. Yana da rayuwar samar da wutar lantarki 25 shekaru. Kayan aikin da aka shigar sun haɗa da inverters, ɗakunan ajiya na rarrabawa, PV modules, da dai sauransu. Modulolin PV an yi su ne da silicon monocrystalline.
Guangdong Jiuhao Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd., Ltd. 251.64kw rarraba rufin saman photovoltaic aikin samar da wutar lantarki yana da jimlar zuba jari na 1,119,700 yuan, kuma wutar da aka samar ta hanyar kanta ce kuma ana sanya rarar wutar lantarki akan layi. Matsakaicin ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na aikin shine 317,900 kWh; tare da sake zagayowar samarwa na 25 shekaru, zai iya ajiyewa 104.27 ton na daidaitattun kwal da rage 316.93 ton na carbon dioxide a kowace shekara a matsakaici.
Jimlar zuba jari na 80.08KWP rarraba aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Kaiping Jiayu Sanitary Ware Industry Co., Ltd. shine 300,000 RMB, amfani 208 guda na monocrystalline silicon 385W photovoltaic modules. Inverter mai haɗin grid 80KW da na'urorin haɗi masu alaƙa suna haɗa su zuwa grid ta amfani da yanayin ciyarwar wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da kai da amfani da kai..
Amma ga makamashin hydrogen, bisa ga bayanin kicin da bandaki, Gidan Diou da Mona Lisa suma sun fara gwajin. A watan Satumba 24, 2021, Diou Home ya ce a cikin dandalin hulɗar masu saka jari cewa zai yi ƙoƙari sosai don amfani da makamashi mai tsabta a cikin tsarin samarwa da kuma bincika ƙarin damar..
Kawai a watan Maris 23, 2022, Hukumar raya kasa da yin garambawul da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa tare da hadin gwiwa sun fitar da Tsare-tsare na Tsawon Tsawon Lokaci da Tsawon Lokaci na Bunkasa Masana’antar Makamashi ta Hydrogen (2021-2035). Shirin ya fayyace halayen makamashi na hydrogen a matsayin wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin makamashi na kasa nan gaba. Ya kamata mu ba da cikakken wasa ga tsabta da ƙananan halayen carbon makamashi na hydrogen da haɓaka canjin kore da ƙarancin carbon na sufuri., masana'antu da sauran tashoshi masu amfani da makamashi da masana'antu masu amfani da makamashi da yawa. A lokaci guda, a fili yake cewa makamashin hydrogen shine mabuɗin alkiblar masana'antu masu tasowa. Wannan sabon ci gaba ne don gina tsarin masana'antu kore da ƙarancin carbon da ƙirƙirar sauye-sauye na masana'antu da haɓakawa.
A cewar IHS Markit Power, Ana sa ran zuba jari na shekara-shekara na duniya a masana'antar makamashin hydrogen zai wuce $1 Billion ta 2023. Duk da haka ko da yake farashin samar da hydrogen ya ragu da 40%. Ana sa ran za ta kara faduwa 40% da 2025, amma har yanzu farashin yana da yawa. Babban farashin ya fito ne daga farashin tsarin samar da hydrogen da farashin kayan aiki.
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Matsalar wadata kayan aikin makamashi a zamanin bayan annoba
A cewar Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya IEA, shirye-shiryen samarwa da saka hannun jari na yanzu don yawancin mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ba su da ikon tallafawa taron gaggawa na ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki ta iska a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.. Bisa ga rarraba albarkatun duniya, yawancin ma'adanai suna fitowa daga ƙananan adadin masu samarwa. Misali, a cikin yanayin lithium, cobalt da ƙananan ƙasa, Manyan masana'antun uku na duniya suna sarrafa fiye da kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da duniya. Wannan babban taro na yanki, dogon lokacin jagora don fara sabbin ma'adinai, raguwar ingancin albarkatun yanki, daban-daban tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa suna haifar da tasiri mai nisa ga makomar abin dogaro da dorewa na kayan albarkatun ƙasa.. Kuma waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa suna da mahimmanci ga samarwa da canjin makamashi.
Manyan ma'aunin makamashi na duniya
Duk da haka, matsa lamba daga albarkatun kasa ba kawai zai shafi decarbonization ba, amma kuma tsarin aikin dijital. Ƙirƙirar na'urorin dijital na yanzu kamar wayoyin hannu sun ƙunshi kusan 40 abubuwa daga tebur lokaci-lokaci, wasu daga cikinsu akwai a kasa da 0.001% na jimlar abun ciki na ɓawon ƙasa. A cewar wani bincike da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta yi, fasahar dijital ta ƙunshi kusan gabaɗayan tebur na abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda jan ƙarfe a ciki, gallium, Jamus, zinariya, indium, tantalum, China (41%) da kasashen Afirka (30%) sune manyan masu samar da kayayyaki.
Karancin semiconductors, a wannan bangaren, yana ƙara iyakance ƙarfin samar da na'urorin lantarki da yawa a duniya, tare da mahimmancin abubuwan da ke haifar da yaɗuwar masana'antar wayo musamman. A cewar Alicia Valero, farfesa na injiniyan injiniya a Jami'ar Zaragoza kuma darektan rukunin masana'antu na masana'antu a Cibiyar CIRCE, abubuwa masu mahimmanci don kayan lantarki, kamar azurfa, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, jan karfe, indium, lithium, manganese, nickel, jagora, platinum, tellurium ko zinc, da alama za a iya fuskantar haɗarin ƙulla a tsakanin yanzu da 2050, wanda hakan zai sanya fuskar canjin dijital cikin rikici.
A cikin zamanin bayan annoba da aka mamaye da karanci da rashin tabbas, wani sabon sarkar samar da kayayyaki bayan COVID-19 ya zama dole, kuma za a yi la'akari da symbiosis na masana'antu a matsayin babban tsarin dabarun wasu kamfanoni.
Source: Sashin Gasar Intelligence ITC, Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya
