Zinthu zaku Brazil | Msika Wampikisano Wa Oligopoly Wotsogozedwa Ndi Makampani Amitundu Yambiri Yazakudya Zazakudya

Brazil, ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapanga zida zaukhondo, ukulamulidwa ndi magulu khumi ndi awiri a mayiko osiyanasiyana, zomwe zapanga njira ya msika wa oligopolistic ndikupanga mndandanda wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanga. Kulamulira kwa malo akuluakulu opanga mafakitale, mothandizidwa ndi makampani otsika mtengo komanso misika yayikulu, makamaka zimasonyeza mphamvu ya oligopoly Brazil.

Malinga ndi data ya MME2020, Brazil ndi 26 malo akuluakulu ndi apakatikati opangira ziwiya zadothi, ili m'maboma asanu ndi atatu. Kupanga kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo mabeseni, zimbudzi, mkodzo, ndi zina., zomwe msika wamtundu uliwonse uli: chimbudzi (ndi tank) (37%); chidebe (25%); chimbudzi (popanda tank) (20%); beseni (10%); mila (5%); mkodzo (3%). Zomwe zilipo panopa ndi 22 mayunitsi miliyoni.

Malinga ndi kuphatikizika kwa MME, Kupanga ziwiya zadothi zaukhondo kudayambika m'mizinda ingapo ya kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, ndipo m'zaka khumi zapitazi, kudzera m'ndondomeko yogaŵira mayiko m'mafakitale, inagaŵiridwa pang’onopang’ono ku zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zomera ku 20. Dera la Jundiai kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil ndiye gulu lalikulu la zida za ceramic mdzikolo..

Chiyambi: MME, Khitchini & Bafa

Rio de Janeiro

Mzaka zaposachedwa, pamene kupanga kwakhazikika m'magulu akuluakulu, zotsatira za mutu wa spillover zapangitsa kuti makampani ang'onoang'ono am'deralo akhazikitsenso zaukhondo wamba. (zomera zinayi kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi zitatu m'chigawo cha Minas Gerais). Ngakhale makampani ang'onoang'ono awa amawerengera zochepa kuposa 10% gawo la msika waku Brazil, ndizizindikiro zofunikanso ngati dziko la Brazil lidzatha kukhala ndi zachilengedwe zomveka zamafakitale m'tsogolomu.

Misika yachikhalidwe ya ku Brazil komanso yotsika mtengo imawononga kwambiri zopanga zakomweko. Kumbali yotumiza kunja, mu 2012, 2013 ndi 2014, zogulitsa kunja zinawonetsa kuchepa, kubwerera mwakale kuchokera 2015. Mu 2018, kutumiza kunja kwakwana 233,000 matani, kuwonjezeka kwa 20% chaka ndi chaka. Idafika $38.8 miliyoni zogulitsa kunja, kuwonjezeka kwa 12% chaka ndi chaka. Zolinga zazikulu zotumiza kunja zinali United States ndi Paraguay.

2015-2019 Brazil Sanitary Ceramics Imports and Exports

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 2008, zinali za 7,500 ntchito m'makampani a ukhondo ku Brazil. Avereji ya occupancy factor pa gawo lililonse yopanga inali pafupi 235 zidutswa/wantchito/mwezi kapena 280 zidutswa/wantchito/chaka. Mafakitole aku Brazil omwe ali ndi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi anali ndi zokolola za 300 zidutswa/wantchito/mwezi, mlingo womwewo wa kupanga monga makampani otsogola padziko lonse lapansi. Zokolola zochepa mdziko muno zili pafupi 180 zidutswa/wantchito/mwezi.

Ndalama zomwe zimafunika kuti munthu agwiritse ntchito fakitale yamakono mdziko muno ndi pafupifupi $50 miliyoni (pa RMB 57.7 miliyoni), ndi mphamvu pamwezi pafupifupi 80,000 zidutswa. Kukumana ndi kukula kwa kupanga Brazil kuchokera 2010 ku 2030, ndalama zonse zikuyembekezeka kufika pa R$1.2 kufika ku R$2.4 biliyoni pa nthawiyi.

Mgwirizano wasainidwa 2003 pakati pa opanga mugawo ndi Pulogalamu ya Ubwino ndi Zopanga za ku Brazil (Mtengo wa PBQP) adakhazikitsa lamulo loti zimbudzi zisamasefuke 6 malita, mosasamala kanthu za makina osambira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo akuyenera kukhalabe ndi mphamvu yotulutsa bwino. Panopa, 6-zimbudzi za malita zalowa m’malo mwa zimbudzi za malita 15 m’dziko muno.

Gwero lamphamvu lamakampani osambira aku Brazil ndi gasi wachilengedwe, komanso magetsi ofunikira poyendetsa zida m'mafakitale.

Chiyerekezo cha gasi wachilengedwe chimasiyanasiyana 153 m3/tani ku 388 m3/tani, pafupifupi pafupifupi 306 m3/tani. Mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi inali yosiyana 500 kWh/tani kuti 900 kWh/tani, ndi avareji ya 650 kWh/tani. Zomera zambiri zamafakitale ku Brazil zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za mayiko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.