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Kuyambira khitchini yoyambirira ndi bafa yayikulu kwambiri kukhitchini
Posachedwapa, “kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni” yakhala mutu wovuta kwambiri wa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pakuwongolera nyengo ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. United States, European Union, ku United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Singapore ndi zina zambiri 50 mayiko alengeza kuti akwaniritse “kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni” m'zaka za m'ma 2100. China yalengezanso kuti iyesetsa kukwaniritsa mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa CO2 ndi 2030 ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni 2060. Izi zikutanthauza kuti China, ngati dziko lotukuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, akwaniritsa kuchepetsa kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe mosakayika idzakhala nkhondo yolimba.
“Mpweya wa carbon” chakhala gulu lalikulu lomwe likusesa dziko lapansi, mitundu yonse ya ceramics, ukhondo mafakitale, mosakayika ndi vuto lalikulu. Ku China chaka chino, “magawo awiri”, “mpweya wa carbon” “carbon neutral” inalembedwa mu lipoti la ntchito ya boma kwa nthawi yoyamba. “Mpweya wa carbon” idzakhala nkhani yamabizinesi azinthu zaukhondo omwe sangathe kuzungulira. Pakadali pano, mabizinesi ena aukhondo akhala akugula zinthu zobiriwira pakupanga bizinesi.
Kumapeto kwa Marichi chaka chino, Tianjin Emissions Exchange ndi United Equatorial pambuyo pakuwunika kokwanira, adatsimikiza kuti ndalama zazikulu zabizinesi ya Arrow Home zimachokera ku gawo lamakampani obiriwira. Arrow Home idati zithandiza chuma cha China kuti chipulumutse mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, wobiriwira ndi otsika mpweya kusintha, kukwaniritsa cholinga cha “mpweya wa carbon, carbon neutral”, ndikuchita zoteteza chilengedwe, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna ndi maudindo ena pagulu.
Gulu la Lixil ku Japan lidalengeza mu Epulo kuti mbewu zake ku Da Nang, Vietnam, Jiangmen, China ndi Monterrey, Mexico yakhala yosalowerera ndale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewu zonse zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zidapangidwa m'magawo ake ndizopanda mpweya. M'mbuyomu Lixil Gulu amabzala ku Hemer, Lahr, Chipata cha Westfalica, Albergaria ndi Klaeng adakhala osalowerera ndale mu Epulo 2020.
Zotsatira za “carbon neutral” pa bafa malonda ndi mabuku, makamaka makampani osambira adzakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa momwe mphamvu zimaperekera. Malinga ndi European Ceramic Industry Association, ndi opanga ceramic a EU 23% kupanga ceramic padziko lonse lapansi, mtengo wa ceramic kupanga 28 thililiyoni za euro. Magwero amphamvu amakampani a ceramic ku Europe ndi gasi wachilengedwe ndi magetsi, Kuwerengera 85 peresenti, 15 peresenti. Kukwaniritsa “carbon neutral” ayenera kusiya gasi, ngakhale ena opanga mfundo amachirikiza kuthandizira kwa magetsi aku Europe ku decarbonization, makampani a ceramic kuchokera ku gasi wachilengedwe kupita ku zida zamagetsi, si njira yothetsera chuma pakalipano komanso mtsogolomu.
European Ceramic Industry Association ikukhulupirira kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kutulutsa kwamafuta chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri ndikuchotsa gasi wachilengedwe ndi biogas kapena syngas kuchokera ku zinyalala kapena zamoyo., ndi kubwezeretsanso ma kilns omwe alipo. Komabe, biogas panopa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, 2-3 nthawi zokwera mtengo kuposa gasi.
Chiyanjano chimakhulupirira kuti ngati cholinga cha 2050 ndi kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito gasi pamlingo waukulu chifukwa cha biogas, ma syngas kapena magwero ena ongowonjezera mphamvu, makampani a ceramics ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akhazikika, mwayi wosasokonezedwa ndi wokwera mtengo wamafuta enawa komanso umisiri wodalirika. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ma kilns ayenera kukhalabe akugwira ntchito moyenera ndipo sangayimitsidwe chifukwa chazovuta zamagetsi.
Ukadaulo wofunikira womwe European Ceramic Industry Association ikuwona ngati zotsogola zamakampani a ceramic mtsogolomo.
Kukankhira ku Europe kwaukadaulo wamagetsi otsika kaboni omwe angachepetse kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera kumakampani a ceramics sikungakhale kothandiza mpaka 2050. Utsi wambiri wa kaboni wopangidwa ndi ceramic umachokera kumafuta, ndipo njira zogwirira ntchito komanso matekinoloje opambana ndizofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon kuchokera ku njira zoyaka kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu nthawi zina. Kukwera mtengo kwamakampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amagetsi otsika kwambiri kudzakhudza kwambiri mpikisano wapadziko lonse wamakampani aku Europe a ceramics..
Pachifukwa ichi, Cerame-Unie yakhazikitsa njira yochepetsera mpweya yomwe ikuwonetsa kuchepetsedwa komwe kungatheke pakati pawo. 1990 ndi 2050. Kuwerengera kwachitsanzo kumachokera ku deta yeniyeni yochokera ku njerwa, padenga tile, makoma ndi pansi matailosi ceramic mafakitale, zomwe zimawerengera za 90% kutulutsa kwathunthu kwamakampani onse a ceramic.
Njira yochepetsera mpweya wa CO2 1990-2050 (A: Kiln yopanda magetsi B: kuyika magetsi mu uvuni)
Malinga ndi chitsanzo ichi, makampani a ceramics a EU adzafunika kukhala ndi matekinoloje opambana, tetezani njira zina zamafuta ndi thandizo lazachuma kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zochepetsera utsi zomwe zimafanana ndi zomwe EU idakhazikitsa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kupanga zitsulo za ceramic kumafuna mphamvu zowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zovuta zina.
European Ceramic Industry Association ikuwonetsa kuti EU “carbon neutral” ayenera kukhazikitsa mwalamulo mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wanyengo kuti athane ndi machitidwe a omwe akupikisana nawo ku Europe ceramic monga mayiko a BRICS., Egypt, Mexico, Southeast Asia ndi mayiko ena makampani ceramic kupewa “mpweya wa carbon.
