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Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-International Energy Agency ye-IEA, inguqu yamandla acocekileyo yehlabathi iya kuba nempembelelo enkulu kokulandelayo 20 iminyaka yemfuno yezimbiwa.
Ngokutsho kwekhitshi kunye nolwazi lokuhlambela, ngoku, olona nikezelo lwamandla lolwakhiwo lwemveliso yeeseramikhi zococeko yigesi yendalo, umbane, ioli, amalahle, iitoni ezibaswa ngegesi yendalo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuhambisa, iingalo zoomatshini, iintambo zokuthutha kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinkulu ezisebenzisa amandla. Inani elincinci leefektri zeekeramics ezikhethekileyo ziya kusebenzisa ii-oyile ezitshiswa ngeoli. I-Zhejiang Longquan yemihla ngemihla yokusetyenziswa kwe-porcelain yinxalenye yokusetyenziswa kweekhilni zombane. Ngokutsho kwenjineli ephezulu uLong Guangcan, ngeminyaka yee-1970, I-China inamashishini amakhulu ambalwa kakhulu azamile iziko lokudubula ngombane, kodwa isikali sincinci. Indawo enqamlezileyo yombane incinci, nomzimba weziko ubhityile. Ngoku, amashishini omkhosi kunye namanye amashishini e-porcelain asebenzisa yonke imihla akhona into yokusebenzisa iikilni zombane..
Ngokuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwamandla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye noxinzelelo lokubonelela ngegesi, ekupheleni kuka February kulo nyaka, ixabiso legesi yendalo kwimizi-mveliso kanye wenyuka ukuya 6.55 yuan / ityhubhu. Njengoko ixabiso eliphambili lemveliso yamashishini asebenzisa amandla afana nokwakhiwa kweekeramics zococeko kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioksidi zichaphazela kakhulu ukukhuphisana kweshishini.. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-decarbonization yesakhiwo soshishino, Iinkqubo ezizezinye nezizinzileyo zokuhlangana ziyafuneka, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha akhoyo ngoku (igesi yendalo okanye amalahle). Ngoko ke, ukongeza kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yokubamba i-CO2 kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo (amandla photovoltaic, ihydrogen) iya kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokufikelela kwi-decarbonization kwimveliso yeemveliso ze-ceramic.
Usihlalo weQela leKhaya le-Arrow kunye nomphathi jikelele u-Xie Yurong wayebonise kwi 2010 China Building kunye Sanitary Ceramics Association intlanganiso yonyaka, ukungena kwixesha eliphantsi lekhabhoni eluhlaza kwishishini lolwakhiwo kunye nococeko lweseramiki ngumngeni omkhulu ngokwenene, kodwa kwanalo ithuba. Ukuba awukwazi ukudlula lo mqobo, inokupheliswa; ukuba ipasile, ishishini liya kuba nakho ukufumana uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
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Amashishini asekhaya ukuguqula ngokusebenzayo amandla acocekileyo
Iiprojekthi ezininzi ze-photovoltaic eziza kufakwa 2022
Kule minyaka yangoku, intloko yasekhaya yamashishini ahlola “ulawulo olungathathi hlangothi kwimozulu”. Ezi zenzo zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokuguqulwa kwamandla, inguqu yedijithali kunye nenguqu yekhonkco lonikezelo.
Kwimveliso yamandla e-photovoltaic, Iqela lasekhaya lotolo, China Kohler, Igumbi lokuhlambela laseHuida, ITS., I-Dongpeng Holdings, H & G Iqela, I-Monarch sanitaryware kunye nezinye iinkampani ezininzi zaqala ukungena kwindlela yokutshintsha amandla.
IPhondo laseShandong linomthamo omkhulu ofakiweyo wezityalo zasekhaya ze-photovoltaic kwiphondo. Ngenxa yezibonelelo zokukhanya ezilungileyo apha, ukuqala kwangoko, imiqobo yokungena ephantsi kumashishini, iinkonzo zikarhulumente endaweni kunye nezinye izinto, uninzi lwamashishini asekuhlaleni kwi 2013 waqala ukubeka izityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic, kuquka iiseramikhi zeLehua zikaDezhou.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2013, inani leeprojekthi zoshishino, kuquka iDezhou Lehua Ceramics 1628 I-kW isasaze iprojekthi yombane yePV. Ngokwamkelwa kweNkampani yeState Grid Dezhou Power Supply eqhagamshelwe ngokusemthethweni kwigridi yamandla yaseDezhou, baba yiprojekthi yokuqala yokusasazwa kwamandla ePV eDezhou ukuba idityaniswe kwigridi.
Ekupheleni kwe 2018, Utolo lweQela lasekhaya “3025I-kWp iProjekthi yokuNcitshiswa kweNtlupheko ye-kWp ye-Nanxiong Lehua Factory Ceramic”, eyayiyi-EPC ikhontrakthi yiChina Energy Construction Group Guangdong Thermal Power Transmission and Transformation Engineering Company, idityaniswe ngempumelelo kwigridi kwakhona. Umzi-mveliso we-ceramic waseNanxiong Lehua wasasaza iprojekthi ye-photovoltaic kunye notyalo-mali olupheleleyo olungaphezulu kwe 20 million yuan, ukucwangcisa ukwahlulahlulwa kwindawo ezine photovoltaic. Wonke umbane oveliswa yiLehua ceramics factory ukuze usetyenziswe, amandla angaphezulu kwi-intanethi. Emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi, Kulindeleke ukuba umbane uwonke kwi 25 iminyaka inokufikelela 75,041,420,000 kWh, ukugcina 23,200 iitoni zamalahle asemgangathweni kunye nokunciphisa 6,927.5 iitoni zokukhutshwa kwecarbon dioxide.
Njengesona sikhululo sophahla sikhulu esasasazwa ngefotovoltaic yokuphelisa intlupheko kumantla eGuangdong, emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi, inokwandisa ubume bonikezelo lwamandla enkqubo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwengingqi kunye negalelo ekongeni umbane kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi kummandla.
Isixeko saseShaoguan Nanxiong iLehua Ceramic Sanitary Ware Factory
Iiphaneli zelanga zesityalo sase-Kohler saseShanghai nazo zigqityiwe kwaye ziyasebenza. Kuxelwe ukuba kwi 2021, unyaka opheleleyo wokuveliswa kwamandla ngaphezu 150,000 iiyure ze-kilowatt zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeofisi kunye nenxalenye yokuveliswa kombane. Njengenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe kunye neqela eliphumeleleyo lasekuhlaleni, Imodeli yolawulo lwezityalo yehlabathi ye-Kohler ifanele ukufunda kuyo. Kuthiwa i-Kohler yamkele inkqubo yokukala yolawulo lwezityalo zehlabathi. Ekuqaleni kwe 2022, Ifektri yakwaFoshan Kohler iya kuba kwiscreen sayo se-elektroniki kwisilogeni “kwi 2022 ukuze ube ngowona mzi mveliso ubalaseleyo we-Kohler wehlabathi kunye neTshayina kwimakethi yeeramics”.
Umzi-mveliso waseKohler eSanshui, UFoshan
IShanghai Kohler Electronics Co.
H&G Iqela leFoshan H&Ghus ngubani Hhe amehlo Wyay Wy Wy Wy Wy., Ltd. naye waqala walala 25,000 iimitha ezisikweri zophahla lwemonocrystalline 2565.12kWp igridi eqhagamshelwe kwizityalo zamandla ephotovoltaic kwi 2019. Kwaye Huida, ngecandelwana layo lokubamba, uye wakha iiprojekthi zombane zePV kwiifektri ezimbini ezinomthamo ofakelweyo ukuya kutsho kwiimegawathi ezisixhenxe.
Ukwengeza, kwi 2022, inani leeprojekthi zePV zamkelwe eRose Island, I-Ocean Sanitary Ware, I-Chaozhou Jiuhao Sanitary Ware kunye ne-Kaiping Jiyu Sanitary Ware. Isiqithi saseRose (Taishan) IBathroom Technology Co., Ltd. inotyalo mali iyonke ye 29.94 million yuan. Inomlinganiselo ofakiweyo omalunga ne-6MWp, ngofikelelo ombane ophantsi. Basebenzisa ukuzivelisa, I-surplus yamandla e-intanethi esasazwe kwi-rooftop photovoltaic ukuveliswa kwamandla. Umbane oveliswayo ubukhulu becala usetyenziselwa iRose Island kwaye kulindeleke ukuba uvelise umndilili we 5.8 million kWh ngonyaka.
Okwangoku, Inqanaba lesithathu le-1250KW lisasaze iprojekthi yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ye-Guangdong Ocean Sanitary Ware Co.. Utyalo-mali lwabo lulonke lu 7.5 million yuan, ngomthamo ofakiweyo omalunga ne-1250KW. basebenzisa i “ukuzizala, amandla angaphezulu kwi-intanethi” imodeli, kwaye kulindelekile ukuba ukuveliswa kombane kunokufunxwa 70% yesityalo. Kwisityalo, uphahla olukhoyo kunye nendawo evulekileyo yendawo 166,200 Iimitha ezisikwere, kunye nendawo yofakelo 12,000 Iimitha ezisikwere. Inobomi bokuvelisa amandla 25 iminyaka. Izixhobo ezifakiweyo ziquka ii-inverters, iikhabhathi zokuhambisa, Iimodyuli zePV, njl. Iimodyuli ze-PV zenziwe nge-silicon ye-monocrystalline.
I-Guangdong Jiuhao Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. 251.64kw iprojekthi yokuvelisa amandla ophahleni lwe-photovoltaic inotyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe 1,119,700 yuan, kwaye amandla avelisiweyo azenzele kwaye amandla angaphezulu afakwa kwi-intanethi. Umndilili wonyaka wokuvelisa amandla eprojekthi 317,900 kWh; kunye nomjikelo wemveliso we 25 iminyaka, inokusindisa 104.27 iitoni zamalahle asemgangathweni kunye nokunciphisa 316.93 iitoni zecarbon dioxide ngonyaka ngokomyinge.
Utyalo-mali lulonke lwe-80.08KWP olusasazwe lweprojekthi yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ye-Kaiping Jiayu Sanitary Ware Industry Co., Ltd. i 300,000 RMB, usebenzisa 208 amaqhekeza e-silicon ye-monocrystalline 385W iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic. Isiguquli esiqhagamshelwe kwigridi ye80KW kunye nezincedisi zayo ezinxulumeneyo ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi zisebenzisa i-self-generation kunye nokuzisebenzisela intsalela yendlela yokutya-kwimowudi..
Ngokuphathelele amandla e-hydrogen, ngokwekhitshi kunye nolwazi lokuhlambela, IKhaya likaDiou kunye noMona Lisa nabo baluqalile uvavanyo. NgoSeptemba 24, 2021, UDiou Home uthe kwiqonga elisebenzisanayo lomtyali mali liya kuzama ngokusebenzayo ukusebenzisa amandla acocekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuphonononga okunokwenzeka ngakumbi..
NgoMatshi nje 23, 2022, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwezaMandla ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe isiCwangciso seXesha eliPhakathi kunye neLide soPhuhliso loShishino lwaMandla eHydrogen. (2021-2035). IsiCwangciso sicacisa iimpawu zamandla e-hydrogen njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yamandla yelizwe elizayo. Sifanele sinike umdlalo opheleleyo kwiimpawu ezicocekileyo kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi yamandla e-hydrogen kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza kunye ne-low-carbon., imizi-mveliso kunye nezinye iitheminali ezisebenzisa amandla kunye namashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye namashishini akhupha kakhulu. Ngaxeshanye, kucacile ukuba amandla e-hydrogen lolona khokelo luphambili kumashishini asakhasayo anobuchule. Le yindawo entsha yokukhula yokwakha inkqubo yemizi-mveliso eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi nokudala inguqu nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso.
Ngokutsho kwe-IHS Markit Power, Utyalo-mali lonyaka lwehlabathi kushishino lwamandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuba ludlule $1 billion nge 2023. Kodwa nangona ixabiso lokuvelisa i-hydrogen liwile 40%. Kulindeleke ukuba iwe ngakumbi 40% nge 2025, kodwa iindleko zisephezulu noko. Iindleko eziphambili zivela kwiindleko zenkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye neendleko zezixhobo.
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Ingxaki yokubonelelwa kwezixhobo zamandla kwixesha lasemva kobhubhane
Ngokwe-International Energy Agency IEA, unikezelo lwangoku kunye nezicwangciso zotyalo-mali kumacandelo amaninzi angundoqo kude kukwazi ukuxhasa intlanganiso ekhawulezileyo yomthamo ofakiweyo we-photovoltaic kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla omoya kwixesha elifutshane.. Ngokutsho kokusasazwa kwezixhobo zehlabathi, iiminerali ezininzi zivela kwinani elincinci labavelisi. Umzekelo, kwimeko ye-lithium, icobalt kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo, abavelisi abathathu abaphezulu behlabathi balawula ngaphezulu kweekota ezintathu zemveliso yehlabathi. Oku kugxininiswa kwejografi ephezulu, amaxesha amade okuqalisa imigodi emitsha, ukwehla komgangatho wezibonelelo zengingqi, kunye neempembelelo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo zibangela iimpembelelo ezifikelela kude kwikamva lonikezelo oluthembekileyo noluzinzileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada.. Kwaye ezi zixhobo zibalulekile kwimveliso kunye nokutshintshwa kwamandla.
Amandla amakhulu ehlabathi jikelele
Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo oluvela kwizinto eziluhlaza aluyi kuchaphazela kuphela i-decarbonization, kodwa kunye nenkqubo yedijithali. Ukwenziwa kwangoku kwezixhobo zedijithali ezifana neeselfowuni kubandakanya phantse 40 izinto ezivela kwitheyibhile ye periodic, ezinye zazo zikhoyo ngaphantsi kwe 0.001% yengqikithi epheleleyo yomhlaba. Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu, iteknoloji yedijithali iqulethe phantse yonke itafile periodic izinto apho ubhedu, igaliyam, igermanium, igolide, indium, tantalum, eTshayina (41%) kunye namazwe aseAfrika (30%) ngababoneleli abaphambili.
Ukunqongophala kwee-semiconductors, kwelinye icala, Iya inciphisa amandla emveliso yehlabathi yezixhobo ezininzi zombane, ezineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kukusasazwa ngokubanzi kokwenziwa kobuchule ngokukodwa. Ngokutsho kukaAlicia Valero, unjingalwazi wobunjineli bomatshini kwiYunivesithi yaseZaragoza kunye nomlawuli weQela le-Industrial Ecology kwiziko leCIRCE, izinto eziphambili zombane, njengesilivere, ikhadmium, icobalt, chromium, ubhedu, indium, lithium, manganese, i-nickel, ukukhokela, iplatinam, i-tellurium okanye i-zinc, izakuba semngciphekweni wokunqanda phakathi kwangoku kunye 2050, nto leyo eya kuthi ibeke inguqu yedijithali ebunzimeni.
Kwixesha le-post-bhubhane elilawulwa kukunqongophala kunye nokungaqiniseki, ikhonkco elitsha lobonelelo emva kwe-COVID-19 liyimfuneko, kunye ne-symbiosis yemizi-mveliso iya kubonwa njengesicwangciso sobuchule esingundoqo ziinkampani ezithile.
Umthombo: IYunithi ye-ITC yoKhuphiswano lobuntlola, I-Arhente yaMandla yeHlabathi
