“Indalo Engabonakaliyo” –'Umphefumlo Wemagnethi’ Igquba kwiCosmos

Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zehlabathi ngakumbi nangakumbi zihlola imincili yendawo umhlaba omkhulu wemagnethi ojikeleze indalo yethu usuka-ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya kuMars ukuya kwiMilky Approach ukuya kwi-intergalactic voids kwaye udlule ukuya kowona bumnyama., iindawo ezininzi ezikude kwi-cosmos.

Ukuphela kukaMars

Isiqingatha sebhiliyoni yeminyaka eyadlulayo, Imagnethi yeMars yayikhusela ulwandle olunzulu ngenxa yokuba uLwandle lweMeditera lwalucinyiwe. Isitya esibonakalayo esinzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuginya iNtaba i-Everest eValles Marineris sibonisa ukuba yintoni enokuba ziziphumo zembali. asteroid ubukhulu Pluto ukungqubana nePlanethi yeCrimson ukucima uqeqesho lwayo lwemagnethi, ukuhlamba iCrimson Planet kwimitha eyingozi, kunye nokukhukuliseka kokusingqongileyo ngamasuntswana aphuma kwimimoya ye-photo voltaic. Kule mihla, IMars lilizwe eliyintlango eliqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo elinommandla wecarbon dioxide 100 Izihlandlo zincinci kunezoMhlaba.

Uqeqesho olunamandla lwemagnethi luye lwasenza indawo ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kumoya we-voltaic wefoto kunye nokubamba iplanethi efumileyo kwaye iphila.. “IVenus kunye neMars zinemihlaba yemagnethi engabalulekanga kwaye ayibuncedi ubomi, kanti Imagnethi yomhlaba yomelele xa ithelekiswa nayo kwaye iyakwenza,” ikhankanyiwe USarah McIntyre kwiKholeji yeSizwe yase-Australia. “Sifumanisa uninzi lwazo lubhaqiwe ii-exoplanets zineendawo zemagneti ezibuthathaka kakhulu, ngoko lo ngumbandela obalulekileyo xa uzama ukufumana izijikelezi-langa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezinokuphila.”

Umfanekiso omtsha we-iconic wentliziyo ye-Milky Manner enobundlobongela (ngaphezulu) ukusuka kwi-Murchison Widefield Array, iteleskopu yerediyo ngaphakathi kwiphandle laseNtshona Ostreliya, ibonisa imicu emikhulu yegolide ebonisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo iindawo zemagneti -indlela umnyele wethu onokuthi ubonakale ngayo ukuba amehlo abantu anokubona amaza kanomathotholo.

“Umphefumlo Wemagnethi Ongabonakaliyo”

Ngalo lonke ixesha izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zenza indlela entsha kraca yokukhangela amandla emagnethi kwiindawo ezithe qelele kwindalo iphela., ngokungaqondakaliyo, bayazifumana, uyaqaphela UNatalie Wolchover kwi Quanta malunga nenkqubo yemagnethi engabonakaliyo ilandela umkhondo ojikelezayo kunye nokujikeleza kwindawo ye-intergalactic njengegrooves yoshicilelo lweminwe., Umphefumlo ongabonakaliyo "magnetic soul".

"Imagnethi yinto yokuqala,’ uyabhala, “ukulanda eyona ndlela ilungileyo kwakhona ekuhanjisweni kwendalo. Kwityala, Imagnethi ebuthathaka ifanele ukubakho kuyo yonke indawo, nangaphakathi "kwi-voids" ye-intanethi ye-cosmic - eyona imnyama kakhulu, iindawo ezingenanto kwindalo iphela. Imagnethi ekhoyo kwindawo yonke ibiya kubangela ukuba imimandla eyomeleleyo ityatyambe kwiminyele namaqela.”

Kwi 2019, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ifunyenwe 10 Izigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya yendawo enemagnethi ithatha yonke isayizi "yefilament" ye-intanethi ye-cosmic., inxalenye ye-intanethi enkulu egcwalisa indawo eninzi, Ukudibanisa amaqela amabini eminyele ebizwa ngokuba yiAbell 0399 kunye noAbheli 0401 ezinokuthi zingqubane ngokuthe chu.

I-Intanethi yeCosmic

“Sifuna nje kwincam ye-iceberg, kuko konke okunokwenzeka,” ikhankanyiwe Federica Govoni yeZiko leSizwe leAstrophysics eCagliari, ElamaTaliyane, okhokele ukubhaqwa okuphambili kusetyenziswa i-Low-Frequency Array (IZITHEMBISO) iteleskopu kanomathotholo ukujonga ibhulorho ye-plasma ye-radio-emitting phakathi kwe- 2 Izigaba zeminyele ezinokuthi zisondele ekudibaneni. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-intergalactic magnetic fields ijoyina 2 amaqoqo kunye neethiyori zengxaki ye-particle acceleration ngaphakathi kwe-intergalactic medium.

I-intanethi ye-cosmic, ingqinwe kanye apha kumlinganiso wePC, imicu emikhulu yeminyele eyahlulwe ziingceba ezinkulu.

https://dailygalaxy.com/2019/08/unknown-dark-energy-a-fifth-force-or-new-extreme-matter/

Imagnethi ephambili inokunceda ukusombulula enye i-conundrum yendalo ehlala ibizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lweHubble, uyaqaphela Wolchover, ekhankanya ukuba “sesona sifundo sithandwa kakhulu kwi-cosmology.”

I-Paradox kaHubble-“Uhlala eSikhaleni, Hayi Ngexesha”

“Nangona iHubble Fixed ilungisiwe kuyo yonke indawo kwindawo ngexesha elithile, ayilungiswanga ngexesha.” uyachaza UChris Fassnacht, unjingalwazi wefiziksi e-UC Davis malunga nentlekele yangoku kwi-cosmology, okanye "uxinzelelo", ekuqondeni isantya sokukhula kwendalo—esidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “yiHubble Fixed”—ngenxa yokuba iLarge Bang, indawo esembindini yokuzingela ukufumana imvelaphi yendalo iphela.

“Amandla Amnyama Akaqhelekanga Kakhulu”

Ezinye iingcali zefiziksi okwangoku zicebisa amandla amnyama ngamandla 'esihlanu' adlulileyo 4 sele iqatshelwe - umxhuzulane, i-electromagnetic, kunye namandla enyukliya elomeleleyo nabuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, Abaphandi bacinga ukuba eli gunya lesihlanu linokuthi 'lihlolwe' okanye 'lifihlwe' kwizinto ezinkulu ezifana neeplanethi, ukwenza kube nzima ukuyibona.

“Amandla amnyama awaqhelekanga ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa eneneni kusengqiqweni kum ukuba ayikhange iqatshelwe,” ikhankanye iNgcali yeFiziksi enenzuzo UAdam Riess, kudliwanondlebe neThe Atlantic. “Andiwazi kwaphela ukuba yintoni amandla amnyama. Amandla amnyama abonakala omelele ngokwaneleyo ukutyhala yonke indalo - kodwa ukubonelela kwawo akwaziwa, indawo ekuyo ayaziwa kwaye i-physics yayo iyaqikelelwa kakhulu. ”

Kwi iphepha iposwe kwi-intanethi ngo-Epreli kunye novavanyo olungezantsi kunye ne-Bodily Evaluate Letters, iingcali zecosmologists Karsten Jedamzik kwaye Levon Pogosian, unjingalwazi wefiziksi kwiKholeji yaseSimon Fraser eCanada, cebisa ukuba amandla emagnethi abuthathaka kwindalo yokuqala angakhokelela ekukhuleni kwe-cosmic kwamsinyane kubonwe kanye ngalo mzuzu.

“NjengeNdawo Ephilayo”

Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi eJohns Hopkins zikhokelwa nguNobel Laureate, UAdam Riess, bathi abaphandi bafuna ukukhangela ubungqina obubambekayo be-primordial magnetic ebonakala ikuyo yonke indawo, sisixhobo esingekhoyo esabumba indalo iphela.

“Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba luhlobo lweepuzzle ezinkulu,” utshilo uPogosian. “Nangona kunjalo iminyaka emininzi, Kwakungekho ndlela yokwazisa ukuba i-magnetism ikhona yonke indawo kwaye ngoko inxalenye yokuqala ye-cosmos, ngoko izazi ngendalo ziye zayeka ukunikela ingqalelo.”

I-Magnetism “ifana nje nento ephilayo,” utshilo uTorsten Enßlin, isazi senzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwiMax Planck Institute for Astrophysics, "Ngenxa yombane wemagnethi uphose kunikezelo lwamandla ngamnye wasimahla baya kuwugcina kwaye baphuhlise. Ziya kutyhila kwaye zibe nefuthe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukho babo, indawo abakhula ngayo ngokufanelekileyo.”

I-Galaxy yosuku nosuku, UMax Goldberg, nge Indalo yeMagnetic efihliweyo iqala ukuvela/Quanta kwaye Inzululwazi

Umfanekiso wekhredithi amanqaku: Unomathotholo oxutyiweyo/umfanekiso obonakalayo wegalaksi IC 342, ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-VLA nganye kunye neteleskopu yase-Effelsberg. Umkhondo walatha ukuqhelaniswa nemagnethi ngaphakathi kumnyele. R. Beck, MPIFR; Nrao / nsf; imizobo: U. Klein, AIFA; Umfanekiso ongasemva: T.A. Umphathiswa, IKholeji yaseAlaska Anchorage kunye noH. Schweiker, PHUMELELA; Hayi / aura / nsf.