“Umkhathi Ongabonakali” –Umphefumulo wamandla kazibuthe’ Igcwele ama-cosmos

Izazi zezinkanyezi zomhlaba ziya ngokuya zihlola intokozo yendawo amandla kazibuthe amakhulu agcwele umkhathi wethu asuka - ukusuka eMhlabeni kuye ku-Mars kuya ku-Milky Approach kuya emigwaqweni eyi-intergalactic futhi edlule kuze kube mnyama kakhulu., izindawo ezikude kakhulu ze-cosmos.

Ukufa kwe-Mars

Eminyakeni eyisigamu sebhiliyoni edlule, I-Mars magnetic isiyalo esivikela ulwandle ekujuleni ngenxa yokuthi uLwandle LwaseMedithera lwaluvaliwe. Isitsha esibonakalayo esijulile ngokwanele ukugwinya iNtaba i-Everest eValles Marineris sibonisa okungenzeka kube imiphumela yomlando. asteroid ubukhulu Pluto ukungqubuzana neCrimson Planet ivala isiyalo sayo sikazibuthe, ukugeza i-Crimson Planet emisebeni eyingozi, futhi igugule indawo ezungezile ngezinhlayiya ezigeleza zisuka emimoyeni ye-photo voltaic. Osukwini lwamanje, I-Mars iyizwe eliwugwadule elibandayo elinendawo ye-carbon dioxide 100 izikhathi ezincane kunezoMhlaba.

Isiyalo esinamandla kazibuthe cishe senze isikhundla esibalulekile ekuvikeleni indawo ezungezile emoyeni we-voltaic wesithombe nokubamba iplanethi inomswakama futhi iphile.. “I-Venus ne-Mars inamasimu kazibuthe angenamsebenzi futhi ayisizi ukuphila, kanti Insimu kazibuthe yomhlaba iqinile futhi iyayenza,"Okukhulunywe ngaye USarah McIntyre e-Australia National College. “Sithole asebetholakele kakhulu ama-exoplanets anezindawo kazibuthe ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho lokhu kuyinkinga ebalulekile lapho uzama ukuthola amaplanethi ngokungangabazeki angaphila.”

Isithombe esisha esiyisakhiwo sodumo senhliziyo enodlame ka-Milky Manner (ngenhla) kusukela ku-Murchison Widefield Array, isibonakude somsakazo endaweni yasemaphandleni aseNtshonalanga Australia, yembula imicu yegolide emikhulu ebonisa isikhumbuzo izinkundla kazibuthe -indlela umthala wethu ongabonakala ngayo uma amehlo abantu engabona amaza omsakazo.

“Umphefumulo Kazibuthe Ongabonakali”

Noma nini lapho izazi zezinkanyezi zenza indlela entsha sha yokufuna amandla kazibuthe ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu ze-cosmos, ngendlela engaqondakali, bayazithola, uyaqaphela Natalie Wolchover phakathi Quanta mayelana neziqondiso ezingabonakali zamagnetic ezilandelanayo ezizungezayo futhi zizungeza ngendawo ehlanganayo njengemisele yesigxivizo somunwe, "i-magnetic soul" engabonakali.

“I-Magnetism yinto yokuqala,’ uyabhala, "ukulandelela yonke indlela engcono kakhulu futhi ekulethweni kwendawo yonke. Ngaleso sizathu, I-magnetism ebuthakathaka kufanele ibe khona kuzo zonke izindawo, ngisho nangaphakathi "kwe-voids" ye-inthanethi ye-cosmic - emnyama kakhulu, izindawo ezingenalutho zomhlaba wonke. Uzibuthe otholakala yonke indawo wawuyohluma amasimu anamandla aqhakaza emithala namaqoqo.”

Ku 2019, izazi zezinkanyezi kutholakele 10 izigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya yendawo enozibuthe ehlanganisa bonke usayizi "we-filament" ye-inthanethi ye-cosmic, ingxenye ye-inthanethi enkulu egcwalisa indawo eningi, ehlanganisa amaqoqo amabili omthala abizwa ngokuthi i-Abell 0399 kanye no-Abela 0401 okungase kushayisane kancane kancane.

I-inthanethi ye-Cosmic

“Sifuna nje phezulu kweqhwa, ngawo wonke amathuba,"Okukhulunywe ngaye Federica Govoni weNationalwide Institute for Astrophysics eCagliari, Italy, ohole ukutholwa kokuqala kusetshenziswa i-Low-Frequency Array (IZETHEMBISO) isibonakude somsakazo ukubheka ibhuloho le-plasma ekhipha umsakazo enwebeka phakathi kwe- 2 amaqoqo omthala okungenzeka asondele ekuhlanganeni. Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi i-intergalactic magnetic fields ijoyina 2 amaqoqo kanye nethiyori yenkinga yokusheshisa kwezinhlayiyana ngaphakathi kwe-intergalactic medium.

I-inthanethi ye-cosmic, kufakazelwe khona lapha ekufanisweni kwe-pc, imicu emikhulu yemithala ehlukaniswe izikhala ezinkulu.

https://dailygalaxy.com/2019/08/unknown-dark-energy-a-fifth-force-noma-new-extreme-matter/

I-Primordial magnetism ingase futhi isize ukuxazulula enye i-cosmological conundrum evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ye-Hubble, uyaqaphela I-Wolchover, isho ukuthi "kungenzeka ukuthi iyisihloko esithandwa kakhulu ku-cosmology."

I-Paradox kaHubble -“Ihlala Emkhathini, Hhayi Ngesikhathi”

“Nakuba iHubble Fixed ilungisiwe kuyo yonke indawo endaweni ngesikhathi esinikeziwe, ayilungiswa ngesikhathi." kuchaza UChris Fassnacht, uprofesa we-physics e-UC Davis mayelana nenhlekelele yamanje ku-cosmology, noma “ingcindezi”, ekuqondeni isivinini sokukhula kwendawo yonke—evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “I-Hubble Fixed”—ngoba iLarge Bang, ingxenye emaphakathi yokuzingela ukuthola umsuka wendawo yonke.

“Amandla Amnyama Ayijwayelekile Kakhulu”

Ezinye izazi zefiziksi okwamanje ziphakamisa ukuthi amandla amnyama angamandla 'esihlanu' edlule 4 osekuqashelwe - amandla adonsela phansi, i-electromagnetic, kanye namandla enuzi aqinile futhi abuthaka. Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi la mandla esihlanu angase ‘ahlolwe’ noma ‘afihlwe’ ezintweni ezinkulu njengamaplanethi, okwenza kube nzima ukukubona.

“Amandla amnyama awajwayelekile kakhulu, nokho empeleni kunengqondo kimi ukuthi akwenzekanga,” kusho isazi sefiziksi esinenzuzo soMklomelo KaNoble Adam Riess, engxoxweni abe nayo ne-Atlantic. “Angazi nhlobo ukuthi amandla amnyama ayini. Amandla amnyama abonakala eqinile ngokwanele ukusunduza indawo yonke - kodwa awanikezayo akwaziwa, indawo yayo ayaziwa futhi i-physics yayo iyaqagela kakhulu.”

Phakathi ku iphepha okuthunyelwe ku-inthanethi ngo-Ephreli futhi ngezansi kokuhlola nge-Bodily Evaluate Letters, izazi zendawo yonke Karsten Jedamzik futhi Levon Pogosian, uprofesa wefiziksi eSimon Fraser College eCanada, basikisela ukuthi amandla kazibuthe abuthaka emkhathini wokuqala angaholela ekukhuleni kwe-cosmic ngokushesha okubonwa khona manje.

“Njengento Ephilayo”

Izazi zezinkanyezi e-Johns Hopkins eziholwa nguNobel Laureate, Adam Riess, bathi abacwaningi bafuna ukuthola ubufakazi obuqand' ikhanda be-primordial magnetism ebonakala ikuyo yonke indawo, yisisetshenziswa esishodayo esakha indawo yonke.

“Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kuwuhlobo lwamaphazili amakhulu,” kusho uPogosian. “Nokho iminyaka eminingi, yayingekho indlela yokwazisa ukuthi ngabe uzibuthe ukhona yini yonke indawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela uyingxenye yokuqala yendawo yonke., ngakho izazi zendawo yonke ziye zayeka ukucabangela.”

I-Magnetism “ifana nje nento ephilayo,” kusho uTorsten Enßlin, isazi sesayensi yezinkanyezi ku-Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, “Ngenxa yokuthi izinkundla kazibuthe zingena kumpompi kugesi ngamunye wamahhala azowugcina futhi athuthuke. Zizovela futhi zibe nomthelela ezindaweni ezahlukene ngobukhona bazo, indawo ezikhula ngayo ngendlela efanele.”

I-Galaxy yansuku zonke, UMax Goldberg, ngokusebenzisa Umkhathi KaMazibuthe Ofihliwe Uqala Ukuvela/Quanta futhi Isayensi

Isikolo sesikweletu sesithombe: Irediyo/isithombe esibonakalayo somthala IC 342, sisebenzisa ulwazi oluvela ku-VLA ngayinye kanye nesibonakude sase-Effelsberg. Imikhondo ikhomba umumo wezinkundla kazibuthe ngaphakathi komthala. R. Bheki, MPIfR; I-NRAO/AUI/NSF; ihluzo: U. Klein, I-AIFA; Isithombe sangemuva: T.A. Umphathi, Ikolishi lase-Alaska Anchorage kanye no-H. Schweiker, WINN; I-NAO/AURA/NSF.